4D printing: Fundamentals, materials, applications and challenges
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Direct 4D printing via active composite materials
We describe an approach to print composite polymers in high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) architectures that can be rapidly transformed to a new permanent configuration directly by heating. The permanent shape of a component results from the programmed time evolution of the printed shape upon heating via the design of the architecture and process parameters of a composite consisting of a gl...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Polymer
سال: 2021
ISSN: 0032-3861
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123926